l Analyse
n Break up an issue/event into its component parts and explain how these relate to one another
l Assess
n Consider the importance or value of something
l Compare
n Examine the similarities and differences
l Contrast
n Concentrate on the differences
l Critique
n Point out the limitations and usefulness of the subject in question
l Define
n Explain the precise meaning of something
l Describe
n Give a detailed account of a topic
l Discuss
n Explain various perspectives and present a logical argument
l Evaluate
n Weigh up the importance, success or value of something with evidence to support your view
l Examine
n Give a detailed account, questioning and exploring the relevant issues.
l Explain
n Give a precise account, with reasons for why or how it is as it is
l Illustrate
n Use examples from a rang of sources to demonstrate your understanding of the subject
l Justify or prove
n Make a cause for a particular perspective. Establish the truth through supporting evidence or logical reasoning
l Review
n Examine how a topic has been studied and comment on the value and limitations of its treatment
l State
n Write down the main points relating to the subject
l Summarise
n Connect the main points/issues in a cohesive, concise way
l To what extent….
n Explore the case for and against a claim
（Shields, 2010: 34-35）
Shields, MunLing 2010 Essay Writing: A Student's Guide. London: Sage.
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